Peer-Reviewed
1. Von Kaeppler E, Donnelley C, Roberts HJ, O’Hara NN, Won N, Shearer DW, Morshed S. Impact of North American Institutions on Orthopedic Research in Low-and Middle-Income Countries. Orthop Clin N Am. 2020; 51:177–188. Doi: 10.1016. 2. Haonga BT, Liu M, Albright P, Challa ST, Ali SH, Lazar AA, Eliezer EN, Shearer DW, Morshed S. Intramedullary Nailing Versus External Fixation in the Treatment of Open Tibial Fractures in Tanzania: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2020 Feb 5. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.19.00563. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 32028315.
3. Ali SH, Albright P, Morshed S, Gosselin RA, Shearer DW. Orthopaedic Trauma in Low-resource Settings: Measuring Value. J Orthop Trauma. 2019 Nov;33 Suppl 7:S11-S15. doi: 10.1097/BOT.0000000000001619. PubMed PMID: 31596778.
4. Chokotho L, Lau BC, Conway D, Wu HH, Shearer D, Hallan G, Gjertsen JE, Mkandawire N, Young S. Validation of Chichewa Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) questionnaire: A cross-sectional study. Malawi Med J. 2019 Mar;31(1):65-70. doi: 10.4314/mmj.v31i1.11. PubMed PMID: 31143399; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6526350.
5. Conway D, Albright P, Eliezer E, Haonga B, Morshed S, Shearer DW. The burden of femoral shaft fractures in Tanzania. Injury. 2019 Jul;50(7):1371-1375. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2019.06.005. Epub 2019 Jun 3. PubMed PMID: 31196597.
6. Curran PF, Albright P, Ibrahim JM, Ali SH, Shearer DW, Sabatini CS. Practice Patterns for Management of Pediatric Femur Fractures in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. J Pediatr Orthop. 2019 Aug 14. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000001435. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 31425401.
7. Holler JT, Albright P, Challa S, Ali SH, Martins D, Keys K, Shearer DW, Terry MJ. Barriers to Performing Soft Tissue Reconstruction Procedures among Orthopedic Surgeons in Low- and Middle-income Countries: Results of a Surgical Skills Training Course. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2019 Oct 29;7(10):e2420. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000002420. eCollection 2019 Oct. PubMed PMID: 31772876; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6846298
8. Haonga BT, Areu MMM, Challa ST, Liu MB, Elieza E, Morshed S, Shearer D. Early treatment of open diaphyseal tibia fracture with intramedullary nail versus external fixator in Tanzania: Cost effectiveness analysis using preliminary data from Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute. SICOT J. 2019;5:20. doi:10.1051/sicotj/2019022. Epub 2019 Jun 17. PubMed PMID: 31204649; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6572994. Ibrahim JM, Liu M, Wu HH, Patel KR, Caldwell AM, Coughlin RR, Morshed S, Shearer DW. The extent of pediatric orthopaedic research in low- and middle-income countries and the impact of academic collaboration on research quality: a scoping review. Pediatr Surg Int. 2019 Mar;35(3):397-411. doi: 10.1007/s00383-018-4412-4. Epub 2018 Nov 9. Review. PubMed PMID: 30413920.
9. Ley P, Gosselin RA, Villar R. The Masquelet induced-membrane technique: an option for a tertiary-referral conflict setting. J Surg Case Rep. 2019 Jun 28;2019(6):rjz149. doi: 10.1093/jscr/rjz149. eCollection 2019 Jun. Erratum in: J Surg Case Rep. 2019 Jul 11;2019(7):rjz232. PubMed PMID: 31275548; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6598633.
10. Liu MB, Ali SH. Surgical Implant Generation Network (SIGN) Fin Nail versus SIGN Standard Intramedullary Nail for Distal Diaphyseal Femur Fractures Treated via Retrograde Approach. Injury. 2019 Sept. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2019.09.009.
11. Wu HH, Liu M, Challa ST, Morshed S, Eliezer EN, Haonga BT, Zirkle L, Shearer DW. Development of Squat-and-Smile Test as Proxy for Femoral Shaft Fracture- Healing in Patients in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery. 2019 Feb; 101 (4): 353. Doi: 10.2106/JBJS.18.00387.
12. Alves K, Penny N, Kobusingye O, Olupot R, Katz JN, Sabatini CS. Paediatric musculoskeletal disease in Kumi District, Uganda: a cross-sectional survey. Int Orthop. 2018 Aug;42(8):1967-1973. doi: 10.1007/s00264-018-3915-x. Epub 2018 Apr 2 PubMed PMID: 29610937.
13. Challa, S., Conway, D., Gillenwater, J., Terry M., Shearer, D. The Nepal Surgical Management and Reconstructive Training Source: A Model for Evaluating Post-Course Outcome with a Patient Registry. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. 2018 Oct. supplement 32(10).
14. Ibrahim JM, Conway D, Haonga BT, Eliezer EN, Morshed S, Shearer DW. Predictors of lower health-related quality of life after operative repair of diaphyseal femur fractures in a low-resource setting. Injury. 2018 May 23. pii: S0020-1383(18)30260-2. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2018.05.021. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29866624.
15. Ibrahim, J., Shearer, D., Coughlin, R. Teach a Man to Fish: A Sustainable Approach to Global Surgical Education. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. 2018 Oct. supplement 32(10).
16. Lau, B., Wu, H. H., Shearer, D. Developing Research to Change Policy: Design of a Multicenter Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Comparing Intramedullary Nailing to Skeletal Traction in Malawi. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. 2018 Oct. supplement 32(10).
17. Miclau, T., Hoogervorst, P., Working, Z., El-Naga, A., Tucker, A., Pesantez, R., Kojima, K., Huttl, T., and Schutz, M. International Orthopaedic Trauma Systems: What is the Need for Additional Support? Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. 2018 Oct. supplement 32(10).
18. Miclau, T., Mackechnie, M., Shearer, D., and COACT group. Consortium of Orthopaedic Academic Traumatologists. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. 2018 Oct. supplement 32(10).
19. Miclau, T., Mackechnie, M., Shearer, D., and ACTUAR group. ACTUAR: Development of a Latin American Research Consortium. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. 2018 Oct. supplement 32(10).
20. Mustafa M, Shearer DW, Kahn JG, Wu HH, Lau BC, Chokotho L. Cost-Analysis of Intramedullary (IM) Nailing and Skeletal Traction for Treatment of Femoral Shaft Fractures in Malawi. Accepted for publication in World Journal of Surgery, 2018
21. Morshed, S. and Shearer, D. Conducting a Randomized Controlled Trial in Tanzania: Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology and the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. 2018 Oct. supplement 32(10).
22. Shearer, D., Morshed, S., Miclau, T., Coughlin, R. From Mission Trips to Partnerships: The Evolution of International Outreach. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. 2018 Oct. supplement 32(10).
23. Sprague, S., Wu, H. H., Shearer, D. INORMUS: Coordinating Large-Scale Multicenter Prospective Study in Low-Resource Settings. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. 2018 Oct. supplement 32(10).
24. Wu HH, Cunningham BP, Liu M, Patel KR, Caldwell AM, Shearer DW, Morshed S, Miclau T. Orthopaedic Trauma in the Developing World: Where are the gaps in research and what can be done? Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. 2018 Oct. supplement 32(10).
25. Wu HH, Patel KR, Caldwell AM, Liu M, Shearer DW, Hahn J, Larouche J, Gosselin R, Levy P, Morshed S. A Clinical Research Course of International Orthopaedic Trauma Surgeons: Two-Year Outcomes. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. 2018 Oct. supplement 32(10).
26. Chokotho L, Mkandawire N, Conway D, Wu HH, Shearer DD, Hallan G, Gjertsen JE, Young S, Lau BC. Validation and reliability of the Chichewa translation of the EQ-5D quality of life questionnaire in adults with orthopaedic injuries in Malawi. Malawi Med J. 2017 Jun;29(2):84-88. PubMed PMID: 28955412; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5610275.
27. Chomsky-Higgins K, Miclau TA, Mackechnie MC, Aguilar D, Avila JR, Dos Reis FB, Balmaseda R, Barquet A, Ceballos A, Contreras F, Escalante I, Elias N, Vincenti SI, Lozano C, Medina F, Merchan G, Segovia J, Guerado E, Quintero JE, Morshed S, Bhandari M, Miclau T 3rd. Barriers to Clinical Research in Latin America. Front Public Health. 2017 Apr 18;5:57. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00057. eCollection 2017. PubMed PMID: 28459047; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5394164
28. Conway DJ, Coughlin R, Caldwell A, Shearer D. The Institute for Global Orthopedics and Traumatology: A Model for Academic Collaboration in Orthopedic Surgery. Front Public Health. 2017 Jun 30;5:146. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00146. eCollection 2017. PubMed PMID: 28713803; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5491941.
29. Eliezer EN, Haonga BT, Morshed S, Shearer DW. Predictors of Reoperation for Adult Femoral Shaft Fractures Managed Operatively in a Sub-Saharan Country. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2017 Mar 1;99(5):388-395. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.16.00087. PubMed PMID: 28244909.
30. Mustafa Diab M, Wu HH, Eliezer E, Haonga B, Morshed S, Shearer DW. The impact of antegrade intramedullary nailing start site using the SIGN nail in proximal femoral fractures: A prospective cohort study. Injury. 2017 Nov 18. pii:S0020-1383(17)30811-2. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2017.11.020. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29162265
31. Wu HH, Liu M, Patel KR, Turner W, Baltus L, Caldwell AM, Hahn JC, Coughlin RR, Morshed S, Miclau T, Shearer DW. Impact of Academic Collaboration on Quality of Clinical Orthopaedic Research Conducted in Low- and Middle-income Countries. SICOT J. 2017;3:6. PMID: 28134090.
32. Eliezer EN, Haonga B, Mrita FS, Liu M, Wu HH. Functional Outcome and Quality of Life after Surgical Management of Displaced Acetabular Fractures in Tanzania. East African Orthopaedic Journal. March 2016;10(1):16-20
33. Haonga B, Eliezer EN, Makupa JE, Shearer DW, Liu M, Wu HH. Achieving hip fracture fixation without using an image intensifier. East African Orthopaedic Journal. March 2016;10(1):7-10.
34. Kramer EJ, Shearer DW, Marseille E, Haonga B, Ngahyoma J, Eliezer E, Morshed S. The Cost of Intramedullary Nailing for Femoral Shaft Fractures in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. World J Surg. 2016 Mar 16. PMID: 26983603.
35. Kramer EJ, Shearer D, Morshed S. The use of traction for treating femoral shaft fractures in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Int Orthop. 2016 Jan 7. PMID: 26744164.
36. Thompson BT, Liu MB, Wu HH. Reoperation rates following intramedullary nailing versus external fixation of open tibia shaft fractures. East African Orthopaedic Journal. September 2016;10(10):55-58.
37. Wu HH, Patel KR, Caldwell AM, Coughlin RR, Hansen SL, Carey JN. Surgical Management and Reconstruction Training (SMART) Course for International Orthopaedic Surgeons. Annals of Global Health, 2016. 82(4): 652-658. PMID: 27986236.
38. Carey JN, Caldwell AM, Coughlin RR, Hansen S. Building Orthopaedic Trauma Capacity: IGOT International SMART Course. J Orthop Trauma. 2015 Oct;29 Suppl 10: S17-9. PubMed PMID: 26356207
39. Shearer DW, Volberding PA, Schemitsch EH, Cook GE, Slobogean GP, Morshed S. Building Networks for Global Clinical Research: The Basics. J Orthop Trauma. 2015 Dec;29 Suppl 12: S15-8. PubMed PMID: 26584260.
40. Elliott IS, Groen RS, Kamara TB, Ertl A, Cassidy LD, Kushner AL, Gosselin RA. The burden of musculoskeletal disease in Sierra Leone. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2015 Jan;473(1):380-9. doi: 10.1007/s11999-014-4017-8. Epub 2014 Oct 25. PubMed PMID: 25344406; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4390972. 41. Elliott IS, Sonshine DB, Akhavan S, Slade Shantz A, Caldwell A, Slade Shantz J, Gosselin RA, Coughlin RR. What factors influence the production of orthopaedic research in East Africa? A qualitative analysis of interviews. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2015 Jun;473(6):2120-30. doi: 10.1007/s11999-015-4254-5. Epub 2015 Mar 21. PubMed PMID: 25795030; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4419000.
42. O’Hara NN, Patel KR, Caldwell A, et al. Sterile reprocessing of surgical instruments in low- and middle-income countries: A multicenter pilot study. Am J Infect Control. 2015 Aug 6
43. Spiegel DA, Misra M, Bendix P, et al. Surgical Care and Health Systems. World J Surg. 2015 Sep;39(9):2132–2139.
44. Elliott IS, Spiegel D, Gosselin RA, Trafton PG, Coughlin RR. Volunteer opportunities for orthopaedic surgeons in the developing world. Instr Course Lect. 2014;63:495-503. PubMed PMID: 24720334.
45. Kaiser SP, Holland T, Baidoo PK, et al. An Observational Cohort Study of the Adoption of Elastic Stable Intramedullary Nailing for the Treatment of Pediatric Femur Fractures in Kumasi, Ghana. World Journal of Surgery. 2014 Nov;38(11):2818–2824.
46. Matityahu A, Elliott I, Marmor M, Caldwell A, Coughlin R, Gosselin RA. Time intervals in the treatment of fractured femurs as indicators of the quality of trauma systems. Bull World Health Organ. 2014 Jan 1;92(1):40-50. doi: 10.2471/BLT.13.120436. Epub 2013 Oct 4. PubMed PMID: 24391299; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3865547.
47. Morshed S, Shearer DW, Coughlin RR. Collaborative partnerships and the future of global orthopaedics. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2013 Oct;471(10):3088-92. doi: 10.1007/s11999-013-3145-x. Epub 2013 Jul 25. Erratum in: Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2014 Jan;472(1):389. PubMed PMID: 23884799; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3773130.
48. Sonshine DB, Shantz J, Kumah-Ametepey R, et al. The implementation of a pilot femur fracture registry at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital: an analysis of data quality and barriers to collaborative capacity-building. World J Surg. 2013 Jul;37(7):1506–1512.
49. Chen AT, Pedtke A, Kobs JK, et al. Volunteer orthopedic surgical trips in Nicaragua: a cost-effectiveness evaluation. World J Surg. 2012 Dec;36(12):2802–2808.
50. Sonshine DB, Caldwell A, Gosselin RA, et al. Critically assessing the Haiti earthquake response and the barriers to quality orthopaedic care. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2012 Oct;470(10):2895–2904
51. Jergesen H, Oloruntoba D, Aluede E, et al. Analysis of outpatient trauma referrals in a sub-Saharan African orthopedic center. World J Surg. 2011 May;35(5):956–961.
52. Stanley CM, Rutherford GW, Morshed S, et al. Estimating the healthcare burden of osteomyelitis in Uganda. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2010 Feb;104(2):139–142.
53. Disston AR, Martinez-Diaz GJ, Raju S, et al. The international orthopaedic health elective at the University of California at San Francisco: the eight-year experience. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009 Dec;91(12):2999–3004.
54. Coughlin RR, Kelly NA, Berry W. Nongovernmental organizations in musculoskeletal care: Orthopaedics Overseas. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008 Oct;466(10):2438–2442
55. Spiegel DA, Gosselin RA, Coughlin RR, et al. The burden of musculoskeletal injury in low and middle-income countries: challenges and opportunities. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008 Apr;90(4):915–923.
56. Spiegel DA, Gosselin RA, Coughlin RR, et al. Topics in global public health. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008 Oct;466(10):2377–2384.
57. Haskell A, Rovinsky D, Brown HK, et al. The University of California at San Francisco international orthopaedic elective. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2002 Mar;(396):12–18.
58. Roy N, Shah H, Patel V, et al. The Gujarat earthquake (2001) experience in a seismically unprepared area: community hospital medical response. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2002 Dec;17(4):186–195.
59. Coughlin RR, Roy N, Patel V. Wrong Place, Wrong Time: Coincidental Involvement in the Gujarat Earthquake, India (2001). J Orthop Trauma. 2015 Oct;29 Suppl 10: S11-3. PubMed PMID: 26356205.
60. Rovinsky D, Brown HP, Coughlin RR, et al. Overseas volunteerism in orthopaedic education. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2000 Mar;82(3):433–436.


Book Chapters
1. Shearer, DW, Zirkle L “Experience using the IM interlocking screw system in the austere environment”. Chapter in Orthopaedic Trauma in the Austere Environment: A Practical Guide to Care in the Humanitarian Setting. Springer, 2016.
2. Shearer, DW, Morshed, Is evidence based orthopaedic traumatology possible in the low resource environment?” Chapter in Orthopaedic Trauma in the Austere Environment: A Practical Guide to Care in the Humanitarian Setting. Springer, 2016.
3. Gosselin, Richard A, Mock, C, Joshipura, M, Spiegel, DA, Shearer, DW, Zirkle, LG, Coughlin, RR. Chapter 3: The Challenges of Orthopaedic Trauma Care in the Developing World. Skeletal Trauma, Edition 5. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. 2015.


Podium Presentations
1. Jordan T. Holler, Patrick Albright, Syed Ali, Claire Donnelley. Billy T. Haonga, Sravya T. Challa, Kurt Yusi, Edmund Eliezer, Saam Morshed, David W. Shearer, Michael J. Terry. “Inadequate Soft-Tissue Coverage Following Open Tibia Fractures in Tanzania”. WOA Conference; July 2019; Monterey CA, USA. Sravya T. Challa, Alexander Hetherington, Syed Ali, Patrick Albright, Claire Donnelley, Billy T. Haonga, Jan Andrysek, Emily Lutyens, Edmund Eliezer, Saam Morshed, David W. Shearer. “Prostheses Impact Amputee Quality of Life and Function in Tanzania”. WOA Conference; July 2019; Monterey CA, USA.
2. Joseph T. Patterson, Patrick Albright, Claire Donnelley, Hunter Jackson, Billy Haonga, Edmund Eliezer, Saam Morshed, David Shearer. “Predicting Loss to Follow-Up after Lower Extremity Fractures”. WOA Conference; July 2019; Monterey CA, USA.
3. Patrick Albright, Syed Ali, Claire Donnelley, Hunter Jackson, Billy Haonga, Edmund Eliezer, Saam Morshed, David Shearer. “Predicting Reoperation and Quality of Life after Open Tibia Fractures”.WOA Conference; July 2019; Monterey CA, USA.
4. Syed Ali, Patrick Albright, Claire Donnelley, Matthew Callahan, Derek Ward. “Predictors of Changing Surgeon for Subsequent Elective Total Joint Replacement” WOA Conference; July 2019; Monterey CA, USA.
5. Shaw J, Challa ST, Conway D, Haonga B, Eliezer E, Morshed S, Shearer D. Quality of life and complications in lower limb amputees in Tanzania: results from a pilot study. Consortium of Universities for Global Health; March 2018; New York, NY, USA.
6. Conway DJ, Haonga BT, Eliezer EN, Morshed S, Shearer DW. Does the Choice of Antegrade or Retrograde Approach to IM Nailing of Diaphyseal Femur Fractures Affect Progression of Knee Range of Motion in Settings that Lack Formal Physiotherapy? Orthopaedic Trauma Association meeting in Vancouver, Canada. October 2017.
7. Conway DJ, Haonga BT, Eliezer EN, Morshed S, Shearer DW. Validity of Utilizing the RUST Scoring System in Radiographic Evaluation of Femoral Shaft Fractures. Orthopaedic Trauma Association meeting in Vancouver, Canada. October 2017.
8. Conway DJ, Shearer D, Terry M, Dahal P, Bisht R, Sherchan B, Lamichhane A, Banskota B, Carey J, Gillenwater J. Can a two-day course teach orthopaedic surgeons rotational flap procedures? An initial evaluation of the Nepal SMART Course. Nepal Orthocon; February 2017; Kathmandu, Nepal
9. Coughlin RR. IGOT Works! UCSF Orthopaedic Surgeons Building Bridges. Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Longwood Grand Rounds; June 7, 2017; Boston, MA.
10. Roth J, Goldman B, Schlecter J, Shearer D. Early Clinical Experience with the SIGN Hip Construct. Podium Presentation. Orthopaedic Trauma Association meeting in Vancouver, Canada. October 2017.
11. Patel KR, Wu HH, Liu MB, Caldwell AM, Coughlin RR, Shearer DW, Lee N. Orthopedic Upper Extremity Conditions in Developing Countries: A Review of Clinical Research. Mid America Orthopaedic Association; April 2017; Florida, USA
12. Levy P, Wu HH, Caldwell AM, Shearer DW. Representation of Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) in Orthopaedic Journals: A Comparative Study. SICOT Orthopaedic World Congress; September 2016; Rome, Italy
13. Liu M, Shearer DW, Haonga BT, Morshed S, Eliezer EN. Retrograde SIGN intramedullary nail versus retrograde SIGN Fin nail for the treatment of distal diaphyseal femur fractures in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. SIGN Conference; September 2016; Washington, USA
14. Liu M, Shearer DW, Yusi K, Morshed S, Eliezer EN, Haonga BT. A pilot randomized clinical trial to compare intramedullary nailing to uniplanar external fixation for open tibial shaft fractures in Tanzania. Orthopaedic Trauma Association; October 2016; Maryland, USA
15. Liu M, Shearer DW, Haonga BT, Morshed S, Eliezer EN. Comparison of knee range of motion over time for antegrade versus retrograde intramedullary nailing of diaphyseal femoral shaft fractures: a prospective cohort study. SIGN Conference; September 2016; Washington, USA
16. Liu M, Wu HH, Patel KR, Turner W, Baltus L, Caldwell AM, Hahn J, Coughlin RR, Morshed S, Shearer DW. Regional variation in pediatric orthopedic clinical research projects conducted in low-and-middle income countries. 13th Meeting of the Combined Orthopaedic Associations; April 2016; Cape Town South Africa
17. Liu M, Wu HH, Shearer DW, Haonga BT, Elizer EN, Morshed S. Orthopaedics Research in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Doris Duke National Conference; May 2016; Minnesota, USA
18. Mustafa M, Wu HH, Eliezer EN, Haonga BT, Morshed S, Shearer DW. Starting Point for Trochanteric Intramedullary Femoral Nailing with the SIGN Nail and Impact on Patient Outcomes: A Prospective Observational Study. Orthopaedic Trauma Association; October 2016; Maryland, USA.
19. Wu HH, Patel KR, Caldwell AM, Coughlin RR, Hansen S, Carey JN. Surgical Management and Reconstruction Training (SMART) Course for International Orthopaedic Surgeons Unite for Sight, Social Impact Pitch; April 2016; Connecticut, USA
20. Wu HH, Patel KR, Caldwell AM, Coughlin RR, Hansen S, Carey JN. Surgical Management and Reconstruction Training (SMART) Course for International Orthopaedic Surgeons. 13th Meeting of the Combined Orthopaedic Associations; April 2016; Cape Town South Africa.
21. Wu HH, Patel KR, Caldwell AM, Liu M, Shearer DW, Hahn JC, Larouche J, Gosselin RA, Morshed S. A Clinical Research Course for International Orthopaedic Surgeons: Two-Year Outcomes. 13th Meeting of the Combined Orthopaedic Associations; April 2016; Cape Town South Africa.
22. Wu HH, Liu M, Patel KR, Turner W, Baltus L, Caldwell AM, Hahn J, Coughlin RR, Morshed S, Shearer DW. Academic Collaboration on Clinical Research in Low-income and Middle-income Countries: A Scoping Review of Global Orthopaedics. 13th Meeting of the Combined Orthopaedic Associations; April 2016; Cape Town South Africa
23. Wu HH, Patel KR, Caldwell AM, Coughlin RR, Hansen S, Carey JN. Surgical Management and Reconstruction Training (SMART) Course for International Orthopaedic Surgeons. Consortium of Universities for Global Health; April 2016; California, USA
24. Wu HH, Patel KR, Caldwell AM, Liu M, Shearer DW, Hahn J, Larouche J, Gosselin R, Levy P, Morshed S. A Clinical Research Course of International Orthopaedic Trauma Surgeons: Two-Year Outcomes. SICOT Orthopaedic World Congress; September 2016; Rome, Italy.
25. Wu HH, Patel KR, Caldwell AM, Coughlin RR, Hansen S, Levy P, Carey J. Surgical Management and Reconstruction Training (SMART) Course for International Orthopaedic Surgeons. SICOT Orthopaedic World Congress; September 2016; Rome, Italy.
26. Wu HH, Liu M, Morshed S, Eliezer EN, Haonga BT, Zirkle L, Levy P, Shearer DW. High Intertester Reliability of the ‘Squat-and-smile’ Test for Objective Evaluation of Functional Outcome in Patients with Femoral Shaft Fractures. SICOT Orthopaedic World Congress; September 2016; Rome, Italy
27. Wu HH, Patel KR, Caldwell AM, Coughlin RR, Hansen S, Carey JN. Surgical Management and Reconstruction Training (SMART) Course for International Orthopaedic Surgeons. Orthopaedic Trauma Association; October 2016; Maryland, USA
28. Wu HH, Cunningham BP, Liu M, Patel KR, Caldwell AM, Shearer DW, Morshed S, Miclau T. Orthopaedic Trauma in the Developing World: Where are the gaps in research and what can be done? Orthopaedic Trauma Association; October 2016; Maryland, USA.


Poster Presentations
1. Conway D, Albright P, Won N, Eliezer E, Haonga B, Morshed S, Shearer D. Unmet Burden of Femoral Shaft Fractures in Tanzania. Consortium of Universities for Global Health: March 2019; Chicago, IL
2. Chokotho L, Wu HH, Ali S, Albright P, Won N, Shearer D, Lau B. Intramedullary Nailing Improves Early Postoperative Quality of Life and Function as Compared to Skeletal Traction for Management of Femoral Shaft Fractures, in Malawi. Consortium of Universities for Global Health: March 2019; Chicago, IL
3. Surgical Drains after Long Bone Fractures: A Randomized Controlled Trial. WOA Conference; July 2019; Monterey CA, USA.
4. Ibrahim JM, Conway D, Haonga BT, Eliezer EM, Morshed S, Shearer DW. Predictors of lower health-related quality of life after operative repair of diaphyseal femur fractures in a low-resource setting. Consortium of Universities for Global Health: March 2018; New York, NY
5. Ibrahim JM, Conway D, Huang A, Toogood P, Barr-Walker J, Shearer D. Do Psychosocial Factors Affect Outcome Following Orthopaedic Trauma? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Canadian Orthopaedic Research Society: June 2018; Victoria, BC, Canada and Consortium of Universities for Global Health: March 2018; New York, NY
6. Levy P, Serrano S, Hetherington A, Shaw J, Caldwell AM, Haonga BT, Shearer DW. Cost Analysis of Lower Extremity Amputation at a Major Public Hospital in Sub-Saharan Africa. UCSF Pathways to Discovery Symposium: January 2017; California, USA.
7. Mustafa M, Shearer DW, Kahn JG, Lau B, Wu HH, Chokotho L. Cost-Analysis of Intramedullary (IM) Nailing and Skeletal Traction for Treatment of Femoral Shaft Fractures in Malawi. Consortium of Universities for Global Health; April 2017; Maryland, USA.
8. Wu HH, Lau BC, Shearer DW, Chokotho L. Preliminary Report: A Prospective, Multicenter Cohort Study to Compare SIGN Nail and Skeletal Traction for Femoral Shaft Fractures in Malawi. Orthopaedic Trauma Association meeting in Vancouver, Canada. October 2017.
9. Turner WK, Wu HH, Liu M, Patel KR, Caldwell AM, Shearer DW, Kim T. Sports Injuries in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Scoping Review of the Literature. Western Orthopaedic Association; September 2016; California, USA
10. Wu HH, Patel KR, Caldwell AM, Liu M, Shearer DW, Hahn JC, Larouche J, Gosselin RA, Morshed S. A Clinical Research Course for International Orthopaedic Surgeons: Two-Year Outcomes. Unite for Sight, Social Impact Pitch; April 2016; Connecticut, USA.
11. Wu HH, Liu M, Patel KR, Turner W, Baltus L, Caldwell AM, Hahn J, Coughlin RR, Morshed S, Shearer DW. Academic Collaboration on Clinical Research in Low-income and Middle-income Countries: A Scoping Review of Global Orthopaedics. Inman Abbott Alumni Conference; May 2016; California, USA.
12. Wu HH, Patel KR, Caldwell AM, Liu M, Shearer DW, Hahn JC, Larouche J, Gosselin RA, Morshed S. A Clinical Research Course for International Orthopaedic Surgeons: Two-Year Outcomes. Inman Abbott Alumni Conference; May 2016; California, USA.
13. Wu HH, Liu M, Patel KR, Turner W, Baltus L, Caldwell A, Larouche J, Coughlin RR, Morshed S, Miclau T, Levy P, Shearer DW. Identifying Gaps in Clinical Orthopaedic Research Conducted in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Scoping Review. SICOT Orthopaedic World Congress; September 2016; Rome, Italy.
14. Wu HH, Liu M, Morshed S, Haonga BT, Eliezer EN, Levy P, Shearer DW. The Association Between Squat Depth and Outcomes of Operatively Treated Femoral Shaft Fractures: A Prospective Study in Dar Es Salaam. SICOT Orthopaedic World Congress; September 2016; Rome, Italy.
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