UCSF Spine Pathology Advanced Research Center (SPARC)

SPARC aims to advance spine care through cutting-edge research and fostering the development and integration of new technologies to improve patient outcomes. We are committed to expanding access to care and promoting outreach initiatives that ensure all individuals, regardless of background or location, benefit from the latest advancements as well as improve communication between the patient and their provider. By emphasizing education, we aim to equip healthcare professionals with the knowledge and skills necessary to deliver the highest quality care.
Our purpose is to accelerate spine research and education by:
Leading outcome-driven, translational, and clinical studies
Developing and evaluating emerging treatments and implant technologies
Promoting global access to spine care through training and outreach
Creating industry-academic partnerships to advance innovation.
We invite you to learn more about our work and explore how you can be part of the future of spine care and research.
Send us an email to ucsf-sparc@ucsf.edu. Thank you!
Research and Education Focus
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Outcome Driven Research
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Emerging Spine Technology
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Minimally Invasive Techniques
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Traumatic Spine Injuries
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Spinopelvic Pathology
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Global Access to Spine Care and Education
Testing Facilities at UCSF
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Surgical Training Facility (STF)
The STF Lab offers top-of-the-line technology with the most comprehensive advanced imaging of any academic surgical training facility in the United States. Click here to book online.
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Biomechanical Testing Facility
The BTF is part of the Orthopaedic Trauma Institute at the University of California, San Francisco, Orthopedic Department, housed in Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital (ZSFG). Click here to book online.
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UCSF Pride Hall
Click here for location and directions.
Current Projects
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AO TL-OF Study
Developing a classification-based scoring system to guide treatment decisions for thoracolumbar osteoporotic fractures. A global, multicenter prospective study.
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TRACK-SCI: Advancing Spinal Cord Injury Care
A research-driven initiative focused on improving outcomes for spinal cord injury patients through the integration of clinical data and evidence-based practices.
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Collaboration with AO Spine Trauma and Degenerative Knowledge Forums.
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The Hidden Cost of Spine Care
Investigating the true economic burden of spine care for underserved patients in public health systems, with a focus on safety-net hospitals.
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AO MIS Fusion Techniques
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Social Determinants in Spine Care
A prospective study examining how socioeconomic and environmental factors influence spine health and care access.
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Spinal Surgical Outcomes Registry
A prospective data registry capturing long-term surgical outcomes to inform evidence-based practices in spine surgery.
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Trauma Center Growth & Spine Research
A retrospective study analyzing how the expansion of trauma centers affects spine surgery education and research opportunities.
Past Projects
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Pelvic Inlet View Study
Evaluating the reliability of intraoperative pelvic inlet imaging to confirm accurate bicortical S1 pedicle screw placement.
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Editorial Bias in Spine Literature
A systematic review exploring the presence and impact of editorial bias in current spine-related scientific publications.
Our Team
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David Gendelberg, MD
Co-Director, UCSF SPARC
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Ashraf El Naga, MD
Co-Director, UCSF SPARC
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Tigist Belaye, MPA,CCRP
Co-Director, UCSF SPARC
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Mykel Jensen-Vallar
Surgical Training Facility, Lab Manager
Research Fellows and Internship Team
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Joshua Weiss, MD
Joshua Weiss recently graduated from St. George University School of Medicine. He is working under the guidance of Dr. Ashraf El Naga and Dr. David Gendelberg to explore socioeconomical issues impacting access to comprehensive spine trauma care on a national and international level. Through the international SIGN Fracture Care initiative, he aims to improve spine trauma outcomes in low-resource areas by utilizing country-specific outcome data. Closer to home, he is focused on the outcome effects and training impacts associated with changes in trauma center volumes and distributions. Additionally, he is completing a 2-year postdoctoral fellowship at the UCSF Orthopaedic Trauma Institute in the Marcucio Molecular and Cellular Biology lab studying fracture healing in mouse and human models. He plans to pursue a career in orthopaedics to expand care access in rural settings.
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Sama Zazai
Sama Zazai is a Junior Specialist in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at UCSF / San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH). She earned her Bachelor of Science in Nutritional Sciences: Physiology & Metabolism and a Bachelor of Arts in Middle Eastern Languages & Cultures from UC Berkeley, and is currently pursuing a Master’s in Health Policy and Law at UCSF / UC Law SF. On the pre-medical track with plans to matriculate into medical school, Sama brings a strong passion for clinical research, health policy, and the advancement of culturally competent care. She contributes to a range of projects across both the Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI) and the UCSF SPARC initiative. Through her academic goals and clinical research endeavors, Sama strives to bridge clinical practice with equitable health policy to improve outcomes for diverse patient populations.
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Shravya Kakulamarri, MD
Shravya Kakulamarri is an orthopaedic surgery resident at UCSF. She completed her medical education at UT Southwestern Medical School, during which she spent a year at UCSF as an IGOT Research Fellow, primarily working with SIGN Fracture Care International. She has had the privilege of conducting research in Brazil, Malawi, and Tanzania.
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Prabhjot Singh
Prabhjot Singh is a medical student at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. During his time at the UCSF Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, he worked under the mentorship of Dr. Saam Morshed and Dr. David Gendelberg on research examining orthopaedic trauma care, spinal innovation, and clinical outcomes. His work included a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the impact of orthogeriatric and fracture liaison service models on mortality, secondary fracture prevention, and healthcare utilization following hip fracture; he also worked on a review of minimally invasive facet fusion techniques and outcomes capturing the current landscape of MISS approaches. In addition to his research, Prabhjot valued attending fracture conferences/anatomy labs, learning from the clinical team, exploring San Francisco, and becoming part of the welcoming OTI community. He continues to collaborate with the OTI team remotely and plans to pursue a career in orthopaedic surgery focused on improving outcomes, access, and equity in musculoskeletal care.
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Niki Golchini
Niki Golchini is a second-year medical student at Rush Medical College. During her internship at the UCSF Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, she worked under the mentorship of Dr. Nicolas Lee on clinical outcomes and global orthopaedic research. Under Dr. Lee's guidance, she led a retrospective study evaluating the perioperative effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists following upper extremity fracture fixation, which has since been submitted for publication. She is continuing her work with Dr. Lee through a Global Burden of Disease 2023 analysis characterizing the burden of upper extremity fractures across Latin America and the Caribbean to support orthopaedic global health initiatives. She is also collaborating with Dr. Lee, Dr. Ashraf El Naga, and Dr. David Gendelberg on a systematic review and retrospective study investigating Double Crush Syndrome using the UCSF Data Commons platform. Beyond research, Niki valued the opportunity to learn from residents and faculty through fracture conferences, anatomy sessions, and clinical experiences in the operating room. She also deeply appreciated the mentorship she received and the lasting professional relationships she developed within the OTI community. Her experience at OTI strengthened her commitment to pursuing orthopaedic surgery, where she hopes to integrate epidemiology, global health and clinical outcomes research to advance musculoskeletal care.
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Patrick Belen
Patrick Belen is a rising second-year medical student at the UCSF School of Medicine. At the UCSF Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, he is working with Dr. El Naga and Dr. Gendelberg on two clinical research projects: a study investigating barriers to orthopaedic follow-up care after injury and a study examining how language barriers contribute to communication-related clinical errors in orthopaedic care. Through this work, Patrick hopes to improve access to follow-up care and reduce disparities for vulnerable patient populations. Beyond the research itself, Patrick has valued the mentorship of Dr. El Naga and Dr. Gendelberg and aims to continue working with them throughout his time in medical school. Patrick plans to pursue a career in orthopaedic surgery and intends to become an orthopaedic surgeon whose practice and research improve access to care for vulnerable patients.
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Evan Chau
Evan Chau is a second-year neuroscience student at the University of California, Berkeley. At UCSF, he is working with Dr. Gendelberg and Dr. El Naga on three spine research projects: a nationwide study of the public health implications of spine care, a project advancing newly patented bone screw technology to make spinal fixation safer and more durable, and a clinical study of the lower lumbar spine. Through this work, Evan hopes to help translate rigorous, innovative research into better recovery and quality of life for spine patients. Beyond the research itself, Evan has deeply valued the mentorship of Dr. Gendelberg and Dr. El Naga and the community of researchers around him and hopes to continue working with them going forward. He plans to pursue a career in medicine devoted to advancing research and expanding access to care for the patients who need it most.
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Dylan Wallace Hosn
Dylan Hosn is a 3rd year undergraduate student at the University of California, Berkeley where he is pursuing a degree in Neuroscience on a Pre-Medicine track. During his OTI internship, Dylan worked with Dr. Gendelberg and Dr. El Naga on several significant research projects. His work includes contributions to manuscripts using the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) data: a study on spine trauma and SCI case volumes at trauma centers and its implications for training, a parallel study on pelvic and acetabular case volumes and their implications for training, and an analysis on SI joint fusion trends for pelvic ring injuries. Additionally, Dylan built a patient registry in REDCap from the ground up for use at San Francisco General Hospital and UCSF to support prospective orthopaedic trauma research. He is currently working on helping rebuild and redesign the OTI Junior Academy by developing a new curriculum and strengthening the program for a future cohort in 2027. Dylan’s experience at OTI deepened his interest in orthopaedics and spine surgery and reinforced his commitment to pursuing a career in medicine.
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Past SPARC Research Interns and Fellows
Zodina Beiene, MD
Avionna Baldwin, MD
Michaela Booker, MD
Nesa Milan, MD
Samantha Schmerler, MD
Tim Wu
Calvin Wang
Obiajulu Agha
Charlotte Wahle
Amy Kuang
Chellandra Samuels
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About the SPARC Internship Program
The Orthopaedic Trauma Institute at UCSF offers a selective internship program for prospective students interested in orthopaedic trauma. This program is available during both the summer and the academic year.
To view detailed information and application requirements, please visit our official website.
Annual Global Speaking Engagements and Presentations
Publications
- Spine Trauma Resource Priorities in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Delphi Approach
- Knowledge gaps in high-energy sacral fracture treatment and management
- Depression among lumbar spine surgery patients: Uncovering the untold story
- Obturator inlet and iliac oblique fluoroscopic views allow for placement of longer iliac screws
- Classifications in Brief: The AO Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification System
- Impact of Social Determinants of Health on Perioperative Opioid Utilization in Patients With Lumbar Degeneration
- Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis: Review of Current Classifications and Proposal of a Novel Classification System
- Thoracic Costotransversectomy Characteristics and 90-Day Complications Vary Based on Underlying Diagnosis
- Obturator Inlet and Iliac Oblique Technique for Safe, Convenient, and Reliable Iliac Screw Placement
- Return to Play Criteria After Adult Lumbar Spinal Fractures: A Review of Current Literature and Expert Recommendations
- Association Between Opioid Utilization and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Following Lumbar Spine Surgery
- Percutaneous Spino-Pelvic Fixation Technique Using External Fixation for Focal Kyphosis Reduction in U-type Sacral Fractures
Video Library
Global Speaking Engagements and Presentations Library
- Global Spine Congress Annual Meeting, Istanbul, Turkiye
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Wahle C, Samuels C, Kakulamarri S, Adejuyigbe B, Tee T, Gomez Alvarado F, Morshed S, El Naga A, Gendelberg D, Shearer D, East Africa Spine Trauma Network, Africa Spine Trauma Delphi Study Group. Impact of Readily Available No-Cost Spine Implants on Surgical Delays after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Tanzania. Global Spine Congress Annual Meeting - Abstract Rapid Fire Paper Presentation; Istanbul, Turkiye. May 28, 2026.
- American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) Spine Summit, Phoenix, Arizona
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Gendelberg D, El Naga A. Minimally Invasive Cross Connectors – Utility, Technique and Outcomes of a Minimally Invasive Method to Maintain Horizontal Stability in Pelvic Fractures Requiring Spinopelvic Instrumentation. 2026 AANS Spine Summit; Phoenix, AZ. March 1, 2026.
Samuels C, Mzingi M, Ibekwe E, Ikwuegbuenyi C, Sabas RR, Zeitoun S, Mangat H, Shabani H, Shearer D, El Naga A, Härtl R, Gendelberg D, African Spine Trauma Network, SIGN Spine. A One-Year Report on the Current Burden of Spine Trauma at a Tertiary Referral Hospital in Tanzania. 2026 AANS Spine Summit; Phoenix, AZ. March 1, 2026.
Wahle C, Samuels C, Kakulamarri S, Adejuyigbe B, Tee T, Gomez Alvarado F, Morshed S, El Naga A, Gendelberg D, Shearer D, East Africa Spine Trauma Network, Africa Spine Trauma Delphi Study Group. Impact of Readily Available No-Cost Spine Implants on Surgical Delays after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Tanzania. 2026 AANS Spine Summit; Phoenix, AZ. March 1, 2026.
- American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Annual Assembly, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Vallejo A, Zheng P, O’Neil C, De Marchis E, Nagao M, Belaye T, Haq A, Gendelberg D, El Naga A, Lotz J, Del Rosario K. Patient Perspectives on Physical Therapy for Low Back Pain amongst Minority populations in a Safety-net Hospital. American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Annual Assembly; Salt Lake City, UT. October 25, 2025.
Vallejo A, O'Neill C, De Marchis E, Del Rosario K, Nagao M, Belaye T, Kuang A, Yeager J, Gendelberg D, Lotz J, Zheng P. Social Determinants of Health and Low Back Pain Outcomes in Spanish- and Cantonese-preferring Populations. American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Annual Assembly; Salt Lake City, UT. October 25, 2025.
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Orthopedic Medical Student Research Symposia, Piscataway, New Jersey
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Beiene Z, Wang C, Gendelberg D, El Naga A. Reporting of Social Determinants of Health within Prospective Tibial Fracture Studies: A Systematic Review. Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Orthopedic Medical Student Research Symposia; Piscataway, NJ. September 15, 2025.
- University of California San Francisco 69th Annual LeRoy C. Abbott Society Scientific Program and 56th Annual Verne T. Inman Lectureship, San Francisco, CA
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Xu M, Gendelberg D, DiGiorgio A, El Naga A. The Near-Near-Far-Far Surgical Construct Is a Valid and Cost-Saving Technique for Treating Ankylosed Thoracic Spine Hyperextension Injuries. University of California San Francisco 69th Annual LeRoy C. Abbott Society Scientific Program and 56th Annual Verne T. Inman Lectureship. San Francisco, CA. May 2, 2025.
- 2025 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Annual Meeting, San Diego, California
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Wague A, O'Donnell J, Filley AC, Milan N, Singh G, Baldwin A, El Naga AN, Gendelberg D, Berven SH. Depression Among Lumbar Spine Surgery Patients: Uncovering the Untold Story. 2025 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Annual Meeting - Abstract Paper Presentation; San Diego, CA. March 12, 2025.
- Physiatry 2025, Phoenix, AZ
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Vallejo AE, O’Neill C, De Marchis E, Del Rosario K, Nagao M, Belaye T, Kuang A, Yeager JM, Gendelberg D, Lotz J, Zheng P. Social Determinants of Health and Low Back Pain Outcomes in Spanish and Cantonese-preferring Populations Abstract. Physiatry 2025. Phoenix, AZ. February 28, 2025.
- UCSF Pediatric and Adult Spine Surgery Course, Hawaii
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Prioritization of Surgical Intervention in the Polytrauma Patient David Gendelberg, MD
Spinopelvic Injury and Stabilization Ashraf El Naga, MD - Global Spine Congress Annual Meeting, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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When Do Pelvic Injuries Require a Spine-Based Solution?
Abstract PaperPercutaneous Cross Connectors – Utility, Technique and Outcomes of a Minimally Invasive Method to Maintain Horizontal Stability in Pelvic Fractures Requiring Spinopelvic Instrumentation
Abstract Paper Presentation
Authors: Gendelberg D, El Naga AImpact of Provider Variability and Patient Factors in Preoperative Screening for Osteoporosis in Adult Deformity Patients at a Tertiary Academic Center
Abstract Rapid Fire Paper Presentation
Authors: Baldwin A, Gendelberg D, El Naga A, Berven SEvaluation of Mechanical Complications in Adult Spine Deformity Cohort
Abstract Rapid Fire Paper Presentation
Authors: Baldwin A, Gendelberg D, El Naga A, Berven SThe Near-Near-Far-Far Surgical Construct Is a Valid and Cost-Saving Technique for Treating Ankylosed Thoracic Spine Hyperextension Injuries
Authors: Xu M, Gendelberg D, DiGiorgio A, El Naga APosterior S1 to Ilium Spinopelvic Fixation: Limiting Cranial Extent of Spinopelvic Fixation to the Pelvis in Select Posterior Pelvic Ring Injuries
Authors: El Naga A, Khela M, Agha O, Xu M, Gendelberg DA Percutaneous Reduction Technique Utilizing Schanz Pins for Reduction of Sacral Kyphosis in U-Type Sacral Fractures
Authors: Khela M, Agha O, Bonsignore-Opp L, Xu M, Gendelberg D, El Naga AWhat Every Spine Surgeon Should Know About Thoracolumbar Trauma
Abstract Paper - Depression Among Lumbar Spine Surgery Patients: Uncovering the Untold Story
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Authors: Wague A, O'Donnell J, Filley AC, Milan N, Singh G, Baldwin A, El Naga AN, Gendelberg D, Berven SH
Conference: 2025 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Annual Meeting – Abstract Paper Presentation
San Diego, CA
March 12, 2025 - 10th Annual Spine Trauma Symposium
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Seattle Science Foundation
Seattle, Washington, USA
November 2024 - What Every Spine Surgeon Should Know About Cervical Spine Trauma: An Update
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North American Spine Society Annual Meeting
Chicago, IL
October 2024 - Thoracolumbar Trauma: Current Concepts and Practices Symposium
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North American Spine Society Annual Meeting
Los Angeles, CA
October 2023 - What Every Spine Surgeon Should Know About Thoracolumbar Trauma Symposium
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North American Spine Society Annual Meeting
Chicago, IL
October 2022 - Obturator Inlet and Iliac Oblique Technique for Safe, Convenient and Reliable Iliac Screw Placement
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Authors: Gendelberg D, El Naga AN
Conference: International Spinal Deformity Symposium
Location: New York City, NY
Date: December 2, 2023 - Preoperative Opioid Use and Patient Reported Outcomes Following Lumbar Spine Surgery
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Authors: O’Donnell J, Wague A, Rangwalla K, Gendelberg D, El Naga A, Berven S
Conference: The 42nd Annual Meeting of the Israel Orthopaedic Association – Abstract Paper Presentation
Location: Tel-Aviv, IL
Date: January 26, 2023 - Impact of Social Determinants of Health on Preoperative Opiate Utilization in Patients with Lumbar Degeneration
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Authors: O’Donnell J, Wague A, Gendelberg D, El Naga A, Berven S
Conference: The 42nd Annual Meeting of the Israel Orthopaedic Association – Abstract Paper Presentation
Location: Tel-Aviv, IL
Date: January 26, 2023 - Predictive Factors for Postoperative Loss to Follow-up After Surgery for Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis
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Authors: Filley A, Baldwin A, Rangwalla K, Bawahab F, El Naga A, Gendelberg D, Berven S
Conference: The 42nd Annual Meeting of the Israel Orthopaedic Association – Abstract Paper Presentation
Location: Tel-Aviv, IL
Date: January 26, 2023