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Meet the IGOT Team

R.Richard Coughlin MD, MSc
Director and Founder
Dr. Richard Coughlin has been a champion for overseas volunteerism and involvement since 1988 with the establishment of the orthopedic division of Operation Rainbow, a non-profit that offers free orthopedic surgery to children, with his private practice partner Taylor Smith. After joining the faculty at UCSF, he founded the first formal overseas rotation for orthopaedic surgery residents’ in the Transkei of South Africa in 1999. As a Clinical Professor of Orthopaedics in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at UCSF at the Orthopaedic Trauma Institute based at San Francisco General Hospital, the county hospital for trauma and the indigent of the city and county of San Francisco. Rick completed his master’s degree in ‘Public Health in Developing Countries’ at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in 2004. Rick was awarded the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Humanitarian of the Year Award, which is given to one surgeon world-wide annually, for the care of disadvantaged populations both at home and abroad.
Theodore Miclau MD
Director of OTI (Orthopaedic Trauma Institute)
Dr. Theodore Miclau is an orthopedic surgeon who specializes in the treatment of injuries caused by trauma, such as complex fractures and bone loss. He is an internationally recognized expert on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of bone regeneration and repair, locally applied antibiotics and minimally invasive fracture surgery. Miclau joined the UCSF Orthopedic Surgery Department in 1996 as an orthopedic traumatologist at San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH). He has been the chief of Orthopaedic Surgery at San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH) since 2002. He is the director of the UCSF/SFGH Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, director of Orthopaedic Trauma, and professor and vice chair of the UCSF Department of Orthopaedic Surgery. Miclau earned a medical degree at the Yale School of Medicine. He completed a residency in orthopedic surgery at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. After finishing an orthopedic trauma fellowship at the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, he was awarded the AO-Jack McDaniel fellowship, given to one U.S. orthopedic residency graduate a year with an interest in orthopedic trauma. Since 2000, when Miclau received a five-year Career Development Award, he has had a research program in musculoskeletal injury funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). He is the site director and Armed Forces Institute of Regenerative Medicine (AFIRM) liason for the Major Extremity Trauma Research Consortium (METRC), supported by the Department of Defense.
Saam Morshed MD, PhD
Co-Director of Global Research
Dr. Saam Morshed received his bachelor’s degree from Harvard University and completed both medical school and orthopaedic residency at the University of California San Francisco. As an Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation Clinical Research Training Fellow, he received a Master’s of Public Health and Ph.D. in Epidemiology from the University of California Berkeley. Prior to returning to UCSF to join the faculty in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, he completed subspecialty clinical training in orthopaedic trauma at Harborview Medical Center in Seattle. Saam is an attending orthopaedic trauma surgeon and Director of the Clinical Research Center at the UCSF SFGH Orthopaedic Trauma Institute. His clinical practice is focused on skeletal trauma, surgery of the pelvis and acetabulum, and problem fractures including malunions and nonunions.
David Shearer MD, MPH
Co-Director of Global Research
Dr. David Shearer grew up in Toppenish, a small town in Eastern Washington. He did his undergraduate studies in Mechanical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology followed by his medical degree at the University of Washington. With an interest in clinical research and global health, he obtained an MPH from the Harvard School of Public Health before beginning residency training in orthopedic surgery at the University of California, San Francisco. He has subsequently had fellowship training in orthopedic trauma at Harborview Medical Center in Seattle and foot and ankle surgery with Dr. Michael Coughlin in Boise, Idaho. He joined the faculty at UCSF in 2015 with clinical interests in complex fracture care as well as acute and post-traumatic conditions of the foot and ankle. As co-director of the IGOT Global Research Initiative, his primary academic interest is building research capacity and conducting high-quality clinical studies in low and middle-income countries through IGOT’s partnerships. He has participated in medical trips to Central America and Southeast Asia, and since 2012 has helped to develop a strong partnership with the Muhimbili Orthopedic Institute in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Madeline MacKechnie MA
Global Surgical Education Program Coordinator
Madeline MacKechnie graduated summa cum laude with a Bachelor’s Degree in International Development Studies. She holds a Master’s Degree in Global Development Studies from Queen’s University, Canada, where her work focused on equitable solutions to healthcare disparities, specifically in Latin America. Her interest in the intersection between global health and orthopaedics was sparked while working as a Spanish/English interpreter on an orthopaedic mission trip. At the UCSF Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Madeline coordinates IGOT's orthopaedic surgical education initiatives and global research symposiums in-house, as well as, in Low-and Middle-Income Countries. She is committed to developing and advancing high-quality orthopaedic surgical skills programs, both existing and new. Alongside UCSF faculty, Madeline has helped develop ACTUAR, Asociación de Cirujanos Traumatólogos de las Americas, a collaborative initiative focused on building research capacity in Latin America. In addition, she coordinates COACT, Consortium of Orthopaedic Academic Traumatologists, an organization representing leading orthopaedic institutions across North America that promotes global health efforts and best practices in musculoskeletal trauma care.
Nae Won MPH
Global Health Research Operations Coordinator
Nae received her Bachelor’s Degree in Public Policy and Global Studies Health Concentrations from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. With a passion for global health and health equity, Nae continued on to receive her Master’s Degree in Public Health Leadership with certificates in Nonprofit Management, Health Equity, and Global Health at the Gillings School of Global Public Health. Nae has previously worked in institutions and nonprofits that address issues in health equity. As the Operations Coordinator, Nae develops and oversees strategies and tasks associated with research projects, contracts, grants, financial management, program operations, and compliance policies. She is dedicated to IGOT’s mission to provide sustainable and equitable care globally.
Richard Gosselin MD, MSc, MPH, FRCS(C)
Dr. Richard Gosselin has dedicated his life to overseas work at various capacities. He is a native of Montréal, Canada where he attended Collège André-Grasset for his undergraduate degree in Health Sciences. After graduating from college, he attended the University of Montréal Medical School, where he obtained his M.D. degree in 1979. He finished his Orthopaedic Surgery training at his medical school alma mater in 1984. Post-residency, he completed a series of Orthopaedic Surgery fellowships: Musculoskeletal Infections in Senegal, Pelvis and Acetabular Surgery in Paris, and Orthopaedic Trauma at the San Francisco General Hospital-UCSF. He served as an Attending at SFGH from 1988-1991 and afterward pursued international relief opportunities through the Red Cross. He later settled on his private practice in Merritt Island, FL where the focus of his clinical practice was Trauma and Joint Replacement. In 1999, he retired from his practice to pursue additional training as a public health scholar at the UC-Berkeley School of Public Health (MPH, 2001), and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MSc, 2002). Ever since, he has been a Lecturer at UC Berkeley School of Public Health and spends his time abroad teaching and volunteering in a humanitarian capacity through IGOT, Medicine Sans Frontier (MSF), World Health Organization (WHO) and ICRC.
Harry Jergesen MD
Dr. Harry Jergesen graduated from Harvard College in 1968 and received his medical degree from Harvard Medical School in 1972. He completed two years of general surgery residency at Massachusetts General Hospital and a residency in orthopaedic surgery in the Combined Harvard Orthopedic Residency Program. He was chief resident at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston. In 1978, he was appointed as the assistant director of Rehabilitation Engineering Research and Development at the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, where he served as Chief of Orthopaedic Surgery till 2007. In addition to his work at the Veterans Hospital, Harry works as an attending arthroplasty surgeon at the UCSF Arthritis Center and San Francisco General Hospital, where he specializes in surgery of the hip and knee. In addition to participating in medical missions to Central and South America, he is active in the orthopaedic section of the UCSF Global Health Sciences Program, designed to promote academic ties with UCSF and medical schools in developing countries and improve care in underserved areas in our country.
Sanjeev Sabharwal MD, MPH
Dr. Sanjeev Sabharwal is a Professor of Clinical Orthopaedics at UCSF and a pediatric orthopaedic surgeon with special expertise in limb lengthening, deformity correction and complex limb reconstruction. He grew up in India and moved to North America as a young adult. While an orthopaedic resident at the University of British Columbia, in Vancouver, Canada, Dr. Sabharwal returned to India for a 3-month clinical elective in 1993 and has since maintained a keen interest in International Orthopedic volunteerism and training in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). Prior to joining UCSF, Dr. Sabharwal served as the Chief of Pediatric Orthopaedics at Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, where he was a Professor of Orthopaedics and the Residency Program Director. Fellowship-trained in pediatric orthopaedics and scoliosis at the Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles and Shriner’s Hospital at UCLA, Dr. Sabharwal continued additional fellowship training at the Maryland Center for Limb Lengthening and Reconstruction. In addition to his full-time clinical practice, Dr. Sabharwal is the past president of the Limb Lengthening and Reconstruction Society. He has served on several national and international committees and governing boards dealing with musculoskeletal care and training in LMICs. Dr. Sabharwal recently edited a comprehensive textbook on lower limb deformities in children and also serves as the Deputy Editor for two of the premier orthopaedic journals, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research.
Paul Toogood MD, MS
Dr. Paul Toogood attended the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, PA for his undergraduate degree. He completed medical school at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, OH, simultaneous obtaining a Master’s Degree in Surgical Anatomy. He completed his Orthopedic Residency at the University of California San Francisco and followed this with sub-speciality fellowships in Orthopedic Trauma at Harborview Medical Center in Seattle, WA, and Joint Replacement at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN. His clinical interests include orthopaedic trauma (polytrauma care, pelvis and acetabular fractures, long bone fractures, periarticular fractures), lower extremity joint replacement (total hip and total knee arthroplasty and their revisions), and the intersection of these two subspecialties (periprosthetic fracture). Dr. Toogood is an Assistant Professor In-Residence through the University of California San Francisco and is actively engaged in research through this institution and the OTI at SFGH. He has previous publications in multiple peer-reviewed journals focusing on topics from human hip anatomy, to clavicle biomechanics, to the epidemiology of periprosthetic fractures. Dr. Toogood's educational interests are local, national, and international. He is especially interested in the next generation of UCSF trained orthopaedic surgeons: the residents and fellows. Nationally and internationally he has educated surgeons on the care of trauma patients at various courses through the Orthopedic Trauma Institute and IGOT.
Coleen Sabatini MD, MPH
Dr. Coleen Sabatini is a pediatric orthopaedic surgeon and the Director of the Orthopaedic Service at UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland. She received her undergraduate degree from the University of California, San Diego where she studied biology and dance. She then moved to Boston to obtain her Doctorate of Medicine (MD) and Masters of Public Health (MPH) from Harvard Medical School and the Harvard School of Public Health, respectively. She served as an Intern in General Surgery at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston and then completed her residency training in Orthopaedic Surgery at the Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Program. She served as Chief Resident in her last year of residency and as Editor of "The Orthopaedic Journal" at Harvard Medical School for four years. Dr. Sabatini completed her fellowship training in Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery at Children's Hospital Los Angeles. Having been a dancer for most of her pre-medical life, Dr. Sabatini's passion for caring for children with orthopaedic problems is based in her own history of orthopaedic injuries and a commitment to helping others live an active and healthy life. Dr. Sabatini's clinical focus includes a wide range of pediatric orthopaedic care including pediatric trauma/fractures, clubfoot and other pediatric foot deformities, limb deformities, hip disorders, limb length discrepancies, scoliosis, and dance medicine. Her research focuses on global health, pediatric trauma prevention and treatment, clinical outcomes, and improving access to care for children with musculoskeletal conditions, particularly for children in low-resource environments. Dr. Sabatini is very active in international orthopaedic work with an emphasis on capacity-building and infrastructure development for improving pediatric musculoskeletal care. She leads a pediatric orthopaedic research program in Uganda.
Nicholas Lee MD
Dr. Nicolas Lee received his bachelor’s and master’s degrees in Biochemistry from UCLA. He attended medical school at UCLA followed by completion of an orthopaedic surgery residency at the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, TX. He pursued an additional year of hand and upper extremity surgery specialization with an emphasis on microsurgery at the Medical College of Wisconsin combined plastic surgery and orthopaedic surgery program. Dr. Lee joined the faculty at UCSF in 2013 and works primarily out of the UCSF/San Francisco General Hospital Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI). His clinical interests include upper extremity elective and trauma care from the fingertip to the shoulder. He has an additional interest in soft tissue coverage and microvascular surgery. He is committed to high quality patient care and resident education.
Michael J. Terry MD
Dr. Michael Terry is an Assistant Professor in the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at UCSF. He graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1999 and earned his medical degree from Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in 2006. During this time, he completed a one-year research fellowship at the National Cancer Center Research Institute in Tokyo, Japan as part of the MIT-Japan Program, and was later selected to participate in the prestigious HHMI-NIH Research Scholar Program. He then went on to complete a combined General Surgery/Plastic Surgery residency at Yale University, where he received training in reconstructive plastic surgery, microsurgery, and aesthetic surgery. Dr. Terry dedicated an additional year of fellowship training at the Institute for Reconstructive Plastic Surgery at New York University to studying complex hand/upper extremity surgery.Support the Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology
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Make a DonationOctober 11-12th, 2019
Cuba Research Symposium
November 2019
Madison and Morgan McClellan Research Fellowship Application Open
November 2nd, 2019
ACTUAR Meeting @ FEMECOT Annual Meeting in Mexico
November 26-January 7th, 2020
IGOT Annual WinterGiving Drive
December 13-15th, 2019
4th Annual Nepal SMART Course
January 9-11th, 2020
2nd Annual Guadalajara, Mexico SMART Course
January 31st, 2020
Madison and Morgan McClellan Research Fellowship Application Deadline
March 24-28th, 2020
ACTUAR/COACT Meeting at the AAOS Annual Meeting
Orange County Convention Center, 9800 International Drive Orlando, FL
May 27-30, 2020
8th Annual Tanzania SMART Course
September 19th, 2020
Annual Limb Salvage and Wound Care Symposium
September 20-23rd, 2020
11th Annual SF SMART Course
September 30-October 3rd, 2020
OTA Annual Meeting @ Nashville, TN
March 9-13th, 2021
AAOS Annual Meeting @ San Diego, CA
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1. Wu HH, Liu M, Challa ST, Morshed S, Eliezer EN, Haonga BT, Zirkle L, Shearer DW. Development of Squat-and-Smile Test as Proxy for Femoral Shaft Fracture- Healing in Patients in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery. 2019 Feb; 101 (4): 353. Doi: 10.2106/JBJS.18.00387.
2. Mustafa M, Shearer DW, Kahn JG, Wu HH, Lau BC, Chokotho L. Cost-Analysis of Intramedullary (IM) Nailing and Skeletal Traction for Treatment of Femoral Shaft Fractures in Malawi. Accepted for publication in World Journal of Surgery, 2018.
3. Ibrahim JM, Conway D, Haonga BT, Eliezer EN, Morshed S, Shearer DW. Predictors of lower health-related quality of life after operative repair of diaphyseal femur fractures in a low-resource setting. Injury. 2018 May 23. pii: S0020-1383(18)30260-2. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2018.05.021. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29866624.
4. Eliezer EN, Haonga BT, Morshed S, Shearer DW. Predictors of Reoperation for Adult Femoral Shaft Fractures Managed Operatively in a Sub-Saharan Country. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2017 Mar 1;99(5):388-395. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.16.00087. PubMed PMID: 28244909.
5. Chomsky-Higgins K, Miclau TA, Mackechnie MC, Aguilar D, Avila JR, Dos Reis FB, Balmaseda R, Barquet A, Ceballos A, Contreras F, Escalante I, Elias N, Vincenti SI, Lozano C, Medina F, Merchan G, Segovia J, Guerado E, Quintero JE, Morshed S, Bhandari M, Miclau T 3rd. Barriers to Clinical Research in Latin America. Front Public Health. 2017 Apr 18;5:57. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00057. eCollection 2017. PubMed PMID: 28459047; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5394164.
6. Mustafa Diab M, Wu HH, Eliezer E, Haonga B, Morshed S, Shearer DW. The impact of antegrade intramedullary nailing start site using the SIGN nail in proximal femoral fractures: A prospective cohort study. Injury. 2017 Nov 18. pii:S0020-1383(17)30811-2. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2017.11.020. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29162265.
7. Conway DJ, Coughlin R, Caldwell A, Shearer D. The Institute for Global Orthopedics and Traumatology: A Model for Academic Collaboration in Orthopedic Surgery. Front Public Health. 2017 Jun 30;5:146. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00146. eCollection 2017. PubMed PMID: 28713803; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5491941.
8. Chokotho L, Mkandawire N, Conway D, Wu HH, Shearer DD, Hallan G, Gjertsen JE, Young S, Lau BC. Validation and reliability of the Chichewa translation of the EQ-5D quality of life questionnaire in adults with orthopaedic injuries in Malawi. Malawi Med J. 2017 Jun;29(2):84-88. PubMed PMID: 28955412; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5610275.
9. Eliezer EN, Haonga B, Mrita FS, Liu M, Wu HH. Functional Outcome and Quality of Life after Surgical Management of Displaced Acetabular Fractures in Tanzania. East African Orthopaedic Journal. March 2016;10(1):16-20
10. Haonga B, Eliezer EN, Makupa JE, Shearer DW, Liu M, Wu HH. Achieving hip fracture fixation without using an image intensifier. East African Orthopaedic Journal. March 2016;10(1):7-10.
11. Thompson BT, Liu MB, Wu HH. Reoperation rates following intramedullary nailing versus external fixation of open tibia shaft fractures. East African Orthopaedic Journal. September 2016;10(10):55-58.
12. Wu HH, Liu M, Patel KR, Turner W, Baltus L, Caldwell AM, Hahn JC, Coughlin RR, Morshed S, Miclau T, Shearer DW. Impact of Academic Collaboration on Quality of Clinical Orthopaedic Research Conducted in Low- and Middle-income Countries. SICOT J. 2017;3:6. PMID: 28134090.
13. Wu HH, Patel KR, Caldwell AM, Coughlin RR, Hansen SL, Carey JN. Surgical Management and Reconstruction Training (SMART) Course for International Orthopaedic Surgeons. Annals of Global Health, 2016. 82(4): 652-658. PMID: 27986236.
14. Kramer EJ, Shearer DW, Marseille E, Haonga B, Ngahyoma J, Eliezer E, Morshed S. The Cost of Intramedullary Nailing for Femoral Shaft Fractures in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. World J Surg. 2016 Mar 16. PMID: 26983603.
15. Kramer EJ, Shearer D, Morshed S. The use of traction for treating femoral shaft fractures in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Int Orthop. 2016 Jan 7. PMID: 26744164.
16. Shearer DW, Volberding PA, Schemitsch EH, Cook GE, Slobogean GP, Morshed S. Building Networks for Global Clinical Research: The Basics. J Orthop Trauma. 2015 Dec;29 Suppl 12: S15-8. PubMed PMID: 26584260.
17. Carey JN, Caldwell AM, Coughlin RR, Hansen S. Building Orthopaedic Trauma Capacity: IGOT International SMART Course. J Orthop Trauma. 2015 Oct;29 Suppl 10: S17-9. PubMed PMID: 26356207.
18. Coughlin RR, Roy N, Patel V. Wrong Place, Wrong Time: Coincidental Involvement in the Gujarat Earthquake, India (2001). J Orthop Trauma. 2015 Oct;29 Suppl 10: S11-3. PubMed PMID: 26356205.
19. Alves K, Penny N, Kobusingye O, Olupot R, Katz JN, Sabatini CS. Paediatric musculoskeletal disease in Kumi District, Uganda: a cross-sectional survey. Int Orthop. 2018 Aug;42(8):1967-1973. doi: 10.1007/s00264-018-3915-x. Epub 2018 Apr 2 PubMed PMID: 29610937.
20. Morshed S, Shearer DW, Coughlin RR. Collaborative partnerships and the future of global orthopaedics. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2013 Oct;471(10):3088-92. doi: 10.1007/s11999-013-3145-x. Epub 2013 Jul 25. Erratum in: Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2014 Jan;472(1):389. PubMed PMID: 23884799; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3773130.
21. Matityahu A, Elliott I, Marmor M, Caldwell A, Coughlin R, Gosselin RA. Time intervals in the treatment of fractured femurs as indicators of the quality of trauma systems. Bull World Health Organ. 2014 Jan 1;92(1):40-50. doi: 10.2471/BLT.13.120436. Epub 2013 Oct 4. PubMed PMID: 24391299; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3865547.
22. Elliott IS, Sonshine DB, Akhavan S, Slade Shantz A, Caldwell A, Slade Shantz J, Gosselin RA, Coughlin RR. What factors influence the production of orthopaedic research in East Africa? A qualitative analysis of interviews. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2015 Jun;473(6):2120-30. doi: 10.1007/s11999-015-4254-5. Epub 2015 Mar 21. PubMed PMID: 25795030; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4419000.
23. Elliott IS, Spiegel D, Gosselin RA, Trafton PG, Coughlin RR. Volunteer opportunities for orthopaedic surgeons in the developing world. Instr Course Lect. 2014;63:495-503. PubMed PMID: 24720334.
24. Elliott IS, Groen RS, Kamara TB, Ertl A, Cassidy LD, Kushner AL, Gosselin RA. The burden of musculoskeletal disease in Sierra Leone. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2015 Jan;473(1):380-9. doi: 10.1007/s11999-014-4017-8. Epub 2014 Oct 25. PubMed PMID: 25344406; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4390972.
25. Chen AT, Pedtke A, Kobs JK, et al. Volunteer orthopedic surgical trips in Nicaragua: a cost-effectiveness evaluation. World J Surg. 2012 Dec;36(12):2802–2808.
26. Coughlin RR, Kelly NA, Berry W. Nongovernmental organizations in musculoskeletal care: Orthopaedics Overseas. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008 Oct;466(10):2438–2442.
27. Disston AR, Martinez-Diaz GJ, Raju S, et al. The international orthopaedic health elective at the University of California at San Francisco: the eight-year experience. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009 Dec;91(12):2999–3004.
28. Haskell A, Rovinsky D, Brown HK, et al. The University of California at San Francisco international orthopaedic elective. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2002 Mar;(396):12–18.
29. Jergesen H, Oloruntoba D, Aluede E, et al. Analysis of outpatient trauma referrals in a sub-Saharan African orthopedic center. World J Surg. 2011 May;35(5):956–961.
30. Kaiser SP, Holland T, Baidoo PK, et al. An Observational Cohort Study of the Adoption of Elastic Stable Intramedullary Nailing for the Treatment of Pediatric Femur Fractures in Kumasi, Ghana. World Journal of Surgery. 2014 Nov;38(11):2818–2824.
31. O’Hara NN, Patel KR, Caldwell A, et al. Sterile reprocessing of surgical instruments in low- and middle-income countries: A multicenter pilot study. Am J Infect Control. 2015 Aug 6;
32. Rovinsky D, Brown HP, Coughlin RR, et al. Overseas volunteerism in orthopaedic education. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2000 Mar;82(3):433–436.
33. Roy N, Shah H, Patel V, et al. The Gujarat earthquake (2001) experience in a seismically unprepared area: community hospital medical response. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2002 Dec;17(4):186–195.
34. Sonshine DB, Caldwell A, Gosselin RA, et al. Critically assessing the Haiti earthquake response and the barriers to quality orthopaedic care. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2012 Oct;470(10):2895–2904.
35. Sonshine DB, Shantz J, Kumah-Ametepey R, et al. The implementation of a pilot femur fracture registry at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital: an analysis of data quality and barriers to collaborative capacity-building. World J Surg. 2013 Jul;37(7):1506–1512.
36. Spiegel DA, Gosselin RA, Coughlin RR, et al. The burden of musculoskeletal injury in low and middle-income countries: challenges and opportunities. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008 Apr;90(4):915–923.
37. Spiegel DA, Gosselin RA, Coughlin RR, et al. Topics in global public health. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008 Oct;466(10):2377–2384.
38. Spiegel DA, Misra M, Bendix P, et al. Surgical Care and Health Systems. World J Surg. 2015 Sep;39(9):2132–2139.
39. Stanley CM, Rutherford GW, Morshed S, et al. Estimating the healthcare burden of osteomyelitis in Uganda. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2010 Feb;104(2):139–142.
40. Conway DJ, Wu HH, Patel KR, Caldwell AM, Liu M, Shearer DW, Hahn JC, Larouche J, Gosselin RA, Morshed S. Improving research capacity in LMICs through a one-day workshop: the IGOT International Research Symposium. Submitted: Frontiers Public Health.
41. Kramer E, Wu HH, Marseille E, Eliezer EN, Haonga BT, Shearer DW, Morshed S. The Economic Burden of Femur Fractures on Caregivers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Submitted: World Journal of Surgery.
42. Liu MB, Haonga BT, Eliezer EN, Morshed S, Shearer DW. Retrograde SIGN Intramedullary Nail versus SIGN Fin Nail for the Treatment of Distal Diaphyseal Femur Fractures. Submitted.
43. Mustafa M, Wu HH, Eliezer EN, Haonga BT, Morshed S, Shearer DW. Starting Point for Trochanteric Intramedullary Femoral Nailing with the SIGN Nail and Impact on Patient Outcomes: A Prospective Observational Study. In Preparation for Submission to World Journal of Surgery.
44. Mustafa M, Shearer DW, Kahn JG, Wu HH, Lau BC, Chokotho L. Cost-Analysis of Intramedullary (IM) Nailing and Skeletal Traction for Treatment of Femoral Shaft Fractures in Malawi. Submitted: World Journal of Surgery.
45. Shearer DW, Eliezer EN, Haonga BT, Wu HH, Morshed S. The Design of a Prospective Observational Study to Evaluate Operatively Treated Femoral Shaft Fractures in Tanzania: >80% Follow-up. Revisions: Frontiers Public Health.
46. Thompson BT, Hussein ZZ, Liu MB, Wu HH, Eliezer EN. Treatment of Gustilo Grade 3A Open Tibia Diaphyseal Fractures: Intramedullary Nail versus External Fixation. Submitted.
47. Turner WK, Wu HH, Liu M, Patel KR, Caldwell AM, Shearer DW, Kim T. Sport-Related Orthopedic Care and Arthroscopy in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Scoping Review of the Literature. Revisions: SICOT Journal
48. Wu HH, Liu M, Patel KR, Turner W, Mustafa M, Baltus L, Caldwell AM, Larouche J, Coughlin RR, Morshed S, Miclau T, Shearer DW. Identifying Gaps in Clinical Orthopaedic Research Conducted in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Scoping Review. In Preparation for Submission to SICOT-J.
49. Wu HH, Liu MB, Morshed S, Eliezer EN, Haonga BT, Zirkle L, Shearer DW. Validity and reliability of the “Squat-and-Smile” Test for Objective Evaluation of Functional Outcome in Patients with Femoral Shaft Fractures in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. In Preparation for Submission to JBJS.
50. Wu HH, Bernstein D, Yi P, Hahn J, Jergesen H. Protocols for Management of Underserved Patients Undergoing Arthroplasty: A National Survey of Safety Net Hospitals. Submitted: Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved.
51. Wu HH, Cunningham BP, Liu M, Patel KR, Caldwell AM, Shearer DW, Morshed S, Miclau T. Orthopaedic Trauma in the Developing World: Where are the gaps in research and what can be done? Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. 2018 Oct. supplement 32(10). Wu HH, Patel KR, Caldwell AM, Liu M, Shearer DW, Hahn J, Larouche J, Gosselin R, Levy P, Morshed S. A Clinical Research Course of International Orthopaedic Trauma Surgeons: Two-Year Outcomes. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. 2018 Oct. supplement 32(10).
52. Ibrahim, J., Shearer, D., Coughlin, R. Teach a Man to Fish: A Sustainable Approach to Global Surgical Education. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. 2018 Oct. supplement 32(10).
53. Challa, S., Conway, D., Gillenwater, J., Terry M., Shearer, D. The Nepal Surgical Management and Reconstructive Training Source: A Model for Evaluating Post-Course Outcome with a Patient Registry. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. 2018 Oct. supplement 32(10).
54. Morshed, S. and Shearer, D. Conducting a Randomized Controlled Trial in Tanzania: Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology and the Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. 2018 Oct. supplement 32(10).
55. Lau, B., Wu, H. H., Shearer, D. Developing Research to Change Policy: Design of a Multicenter Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Comparing Intramedullary Nailing to Skeletal Traction in Malawi. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. 2018 Oct. supplement 32(10).
56. Sprague, S., Wu, H. H., Shearer, D. INORMUS: Coordinating Large-Scale Multicenter Prospective Study in Low-Resource Settings. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. 2018 Oct. supplement 32(10).
57. Miclau, T., Hoogervorst, P., Working, Z., El-Naga, A., Tucker, A., Pesantez, R., Kojima, K., Huttl, T., and Schutz, M. International Orthopaedic Trauma Systems: What is the Need for Additional Support? Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. 2018 Oct. supplement 32(10).
58. Shearer, D., Morshed, S., Miclau, T., Coughlin, R. From Mission Trips to Partnerships: The Evolution of International Outreach. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. 2018 Oct. supplement 32(10).
59. Miclau, T., Mackechnie, M., Shearer, D., and COACT group. Consortium of Orthopaedic Academic Traumatologists. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. 2018 Oct. supplement 32(10).
60. Miclau, T., Mackechnie, M., Shearer, D., and ACTUAR group. ACTUAR: Development of a Latin American Research Consortium. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. 2018 Oct. supplement 32(10).
Book Chapters
1. Gosselin, Richard A, Mock, C, Joshipura, M, Spiegel, DA, Shearer, DW, Zirkle, LG, Coughlin, RR. Chapter 3: The Challenges of Orthopaedic Trauma Care in the Developing World. Skeletal Trauma, Edition 5. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. 2015.
2. Shearer, DW, Zirkle L “Experience using the IM interlocking screw system in the austere environment”. Chapter in Orthopaedic Trauma in the Austere Environment: A Practical Guide to Care in the Humanitarian Setting. Springer, 2016.
3. Shearer, DW, Morshed, Is evidence based orthopaedic traumatology possible in the low resource environment?” Chapter in Orthopaedic Trauma in the Austere Environment: A Practical Guide to Care in the Humanitarian Setting. Springer, 2016.
4. Gosselin RA, Conway DJ, Phillips JJ, Coughlin RR. Chapter 13: Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System. Hunter’s Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases, upcoming 10th edition, currently in press.
Podium Presentations
1. Levy P, Wu HH, Caldwell AM, Shearer DW. Representation of Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs) in Orthopaedic Journals: A Comparative Study. SICOT Orthopaedic World Congress; September 2016; Rome, Italy
2. Liu M, Wu HH, Patel KR, Turner W, Baltus L, Caldwell AM, Hahn J, Coughlin RR, Morshed S, Shearer DW. Regional variation in pediatric orthopedic clinical research projects conducted in low-and-middle income countries 13th Meeting of the Combined Orthopaedic Associations; April 2016; Cape Town South Africa
3. Liu M, Shearer DW, Haonga BT, Morshed S, Eliezer EN. Retrograde SIGN intramedullary nail versus retrograde SIGN Fin nail for the treatment of distal diaphyseal femur fractures in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. SIGN Conference; September 2016; Washington, USA
4. Liu M, Shearer DW, Haonga BT, Morshed S, Eliezer EN. Comparison of knee range of motion over time for antegrade versus retrograde intramedullary nailing of diaphyseal femoral shaft fractures: a prospective cohort study. SIGN Conference; September 2016; Washington, USA
5. Liu M, Wu HH, Shearer DW, Haonga BT, Elizer EN, Morshed S. Orthopaedics Research in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Doris Duke National Conference; May 2016; Minnesota, USA
6. Liu M, Shearer DW, Yusi K, Morshed S, Eliezer EN, Haonga BT. A pilot randomized clinical trial to compare intramedullary nailing to uniplanar external fixation for open tibial shaft fractures in Tanzania. Orthopaedic Trauma Association; October 2016; Maryland, USA
7. Mustafa M, Wu HH, Eliezer EN, Haonga BT, Morshed S, Shearer DW. Starting Point for Trochanteric Intramedullary Femoral Nailing with the SIGN Nail and Impact on Patient Outcomes: A Prospective Observational Study Orthopaedic Trauma Association; October 2016; Maryland, USA
8. Patel KR, Wu HH, Liu MB, Caldwell AM, Coughlin RR, Shearer DW, Lee N. Orthopedic Upper Extremity Conditions in Developing Countries: A Review of Clinical Research. Mid America Orthopaedic Association; April 2017; Florida, USA
9. Wu HH, Cunningham BP, Liu M, Patel KR, Caldwell AM, Shearer DW, Morshed S, Miclau T. Orthopaedic Trauma in the Developing World: Where are the gaps in research and what can be done? Orthopaedic Trauma Association; October 2016; Maryland, USA
10. Wu HH, Patel KR, Caldwell AM, Coughlin RR, Hansen S, Carey JN. Surgical Management and Reconstruction Training (SMART) Course for International Orthopaedic Surgeons Orthopaedic Trauma Association; October 2016; Maryland, USA
11. Wu HH, Liu M, Morshed S, Eliezer EN, Haonga BT, Zirkle L, Levy P, Shearer DW. High Intertester Reliability of the ‘Squat-and-smile’ Test for Objective Evaluation of Functional Outcome in Patients with Femoral Shaft Fractures. SICOT Orthopaedic World Congress; September 2016; Rome, Italy
12. Wu HH, Patel KR, Caldwell AM, Coughlin RR, Hansen S, Levy P, Carey J. Surgical Management and Reconstruction Training (SMART) Course for International Orthopaedic Surgeons. SICOT Orthopaedic World Congress; September 2016; Rome, Italy
13. Wu HH, Patel KR, Caldwell AM, Liu M, Shearer DW, Hahn J, Larouche J, Gosselin R, Levy P, Morshed S. A Clinical Research Course of International Orthopaedic Trauma Surgeons: Two-Year Outcomes. SICOT Orthopaedic World Congress; September 2016; Rome, Italy
14. Wu HH, Patel KR, Caldwell AM, Coughlin RR, Hansen S, Carey JN. Surgical Management and Reconstruction Training (SMART) Course for International Orthopaedic Surgeons Consortium of Universities for Global Health; April 2016; California, USA
15. Wu HH, Liu M, Patel KR, Turner W, Baltus L, Caldwell AM, Hahn J, Coughlin RR, Morshed S, Shearer DW. Academic Collaboration on Clinical Research in Low-income and Middle-income Countries: A Scoping Review of Global Orthopaedics 13th Meeting of the Combined Orthopaedic Associations; April 2016; Cape Town South Africa
16. Wu HH, Patel KR, Caldwell AM, Liu M, Shearer DW, Hahn JC, Larouche J, Gosselin RA, Morshed S. A Clinical Research Course for International Orthopaedic Surgeons: Two-Year Outcomes 13th Meeting of the Combined Orthopaedic Associations; April 2016; Cape Town South Africa
17. Wu HH, Patel KR, Caldwell AM, Coughlin RR, Hansen S, Carey JN. Surgical Management and Reconstruction Training (SMART) Course for International Orthopaedic Surgeons 13th Meeting of the Combined Orthopaedic Associations; April 2016; Cape Town South Africa
18. Wu HH, Patel KR, Caldwell AM, Coughlin RR, Hansen S, Carey JN. Surgical Management and Reconstruction Training (SMART) Course for International Orthopaedic Surgeons Unite for Sight, Social Impact Pitch; April 2016; Connecticut, USA
19. Conway DJ, Shearer D, Terry M, Dahal P, Bisht R, Sherchan B, Lamichhane A, Banskota B, Carey J, Gillenwater J. Can a two-day course teach orthopaedic surgeons rotational flap procedures? An initial evaluation of the Nepal SMART Course. Nepal Orthocon; February 2017; Kathmandu, Nepal
20. Conway DJ, Haonga BT, Eliezer EN, Morshed S, Shearer DW. Validity of Utilizing the RUST Scoring System in Radiographic Evaluation of Femoral Shaft Fractures. Orthopaedic Trauma Association meeting in Vancouver, Canada. October 2017.
21. Conway DJ, Haonga BT, Eliezer EN, Morshed S, Shearer DW. Does the Choice of Antegrade or Retrograde Approach to IM Nailing of Diaphyseal Femur Fractures Affect Progression of Knee Range of Motion in Settings that Lack Formal Physiotherapy? Orthopaedic Trauma Association meeting in Vancouver, Canada. October 2017.
22. Roth J, Goldman B, Schlecter J, Shearer D. Early Clinical Experience with the SIGN Hip Construct. Podium Presentation. Orthopaedic Trauma Association meeting in Vancouver, Canada. October 2017.
23. Coughlin RR. IGOT Works! UCSF Orthopaedic Surgeons Building Bridges. Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Longwood Grand Rounds; June 7, 2017; Boston, MA.
24. Shaw J, Challa ST, Conway D, Haonga B, Eliezer E, Morshed S, Shearer D. Quality of life and complications in lower limb amputees in Tanzania: results from a pilot study. Consortium of Universities for Global Health; March 2018; New York, NY, USA.
25. Kerry V, Zirkle L, Coughlin RR, Smith C, Tollefson T. Volunteerism in Medicine… Insights and Opportunities.
26. Patrick Albright, Syed Ali, Claire Donnelley, Hunter Jackson, Billy Haonga, Edmund Eliezer, Saam Morshed, David Shearer. “Predicting Reoperation and Quality of Life after Open Tibia Fractures”. WOA Conference; July 2019; Monterey CA, USA.
27. Joseph T. Patterson, Patrick Albright, Claire Donnelley, Hunter Jackson, Billy Haonga, Edmund Eliezer, Saam Morshed, David Shearer. “Predicting Loss to Follow-Up after Lower Extremity Fractures”. WOA Conference; July 2019; Monterey CA, USA.
28. Jordan T. Holler, Patrick Albright, Syed Ali, Claire Donnelley. Billy T. Haonga, Sravya T. Challa, Kurt Yusi, Edmund Eliezer, Saam Morshed, David W. Shearer, Michael J. Terry. “Inadequate Soft-Tissue Coverage Following Open Tibia Fractures in Tanzania”. WOA Conference; July 2019; Monterey CA, USA.
29. Sravya T. Challa, Alexander Hetherington, Syed Ali, Patrick Albright, Claire Donnelley, Billy T. Haonga, Jan Andrysek, Emily Lutyens, Edmund Eliezer, Saam Morshed, David W. Shearer. “Prostheses Impact Amputee Quality of Life and Function in Tanzania”. WOA Conference; July 2019; Monterey CA, USA.
30. Syed Ali, Patrick Albright, Claire Donnelley, Matthew Callahan, Derek Ward. “Predictors of Changing Surgeon for Subsequent Elective Total Joint Replacement”. WOA Conference; July 2019; Monterey CA, USA.
Poster Presentations
1. Levy P, Serrano S, Hetherington A, Shaw J, Caldwell AM, Haonga BT, Shearer DW. Cost Analysis of Lower Extremity Amputation at a Major Public Hospital in Sub-Saharan Africa. UCSF Pathways to Discovery Symposium: January 2017; California, USA
2. Mustafa M, Shearer DW, Kahn JG, Lau B, Wu HH, Chokotho L. Cost-Analysis of Intramedullary (IM) Nailing and Skeletal Traction for Treatment of Femoral Shaft Fractures in Malawi Consortium of Universities for Global Health; April 2017; Maryland, USA
3. Turner WK, Wu HH, Liu M, Patel KR, Caldwell AM, Shearer DW, Kim T. Sports Injuries in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Scoping Review of the Literature. Western Orthopaedic Association; September 2016; California, USA
4. Wu HH, Liu M, Morshed S, Eliezer EN, Haonga BT, Zirkle L, Shearer DW. The Association between Squat Depth and Outcomes of Operatively Treated Femoral Shaft Fractures: A Prospective Study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Orthopaedic Trauma Association; October 2016; Maryland, USA
5. Wu HH, Liu M, Morshed S, Haonga BT, Eliezer EN, Levy P, Shearer DW. The Association Between Squat Depth and Outcomes of Operatively Treated Femoral Shaft Fractures: A Prospective Study in Dar Es Salaam. SICOT Orthopaedic World Congress; September 2016; Rome, Italy
6. Wu HH, Liu M, Patel KR, Turner W, Baltus L, Caldwell A, Larouche J, Coughlin RR, Morshed S, Miclau T, Levy P, Shearer DW. Identifying Gaps in Clinical Orthopaedic Research Conducted in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Scoping Review. SICOT Orthopaedic World Congress; September 2016; Rome, Italy
7. Wu HH, Patel KR, Caldwell AM, Liu M, Shearer DW, Hahn JC, Larouche J, Gosselin RA, Morshed S. A Clinical Research Course for International Orthopaedic Surgeons: Two-Year Outcomes Inman Abbott Alumni Conference; May 2016; California, USA
8. Wu HH, Liu M, Patel KR, Turner W, Baltus L, Caldwell AM, Hahn J, Coughlin RR, Morshed S, Shearer DW. Academic Collaboration on Clinical Research in Low-income and Middle-income Countries: A Scoping Review of Global Orthopaedics Inman Abbott Alumni Conference; May 2016; California, USA
9. Wu HH, Patel KR, Caldwell AM, Liu M, Shearer DW, Hahn JC, Larouche J, Gosselin RA, Morshed S. A Clinical Research Course for International Orthopaedic Surgeons: Two-Year Outcomes Unite for Sight, Social Impact Pitch; April 2016; Connecticut, USA
10. Wu HH, Lau BC, Shearer DW, Chokotho L. Preliminary Report: A Prospective, Multicenter Cohort Study to Compare SIGN Nail and Skeletal Traction for Femoral Shaft Fractures in Malawi. Orthopaedic Trauma Association meeting in Vancouver, Canada. October 2017.
11. Ibrahim JM, Conway D, Haonga BT, Eliezer EM, Morshed S, Shearer DW. Predictors of lower health-related quality of life after operative repair of diaphyseal femur fractures in a low-resource setting. Consortium of Universities for Global Health: March 2018; New York, NY
12. Ibrahim JM, Conway D, Huang A, Toogood P, Barr-Walker J, Shearer D. Do Psychosocial Factors Affect Outcome Following Orthopaedic Trauma? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Canadian Orthopaedic Research Society: June 2018; Victoria, BC, Canada Consortium of Universities for Global Health: March 2018; New York, NY
13. Conway D, Albright P, Won N, Eliezer E, Haonga B, Morshed S, Shearer D. Unmet Burden of Femoral Shaft Fractures in Tanzania. Consortium of Universities for Global Health: March 2019; Chicago, IL
14. Chokotho L, Wu HH, Ali S, Albright P, Won N, Shearer D, Lau B. Intramedullary Nailing Improves Early Postoperative Quality of Life and Function as Compared to Skeletal Traction for Management of Femoral Shaft Fractures, in Malawi. Consortium of Universities for Global Health: March 2019; Chicago, IL
15. Surgical Drains after Long Bone Fractures: A Randomized Controlled Trial. WOA Conference; July 2019; Monterey CA, USA.

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